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gc3-i017 page 1 application manual ldo regulator with on/off switch tk121xxcs contents 1 . description 2 2 . features 2 3 . applications 2 4 . pin configuration 2 5 . block diagram 2 6 . ordering information 3 7 . absolute maximum ratings 3 8 . electrical characteristics 4 9 . test circuit 8 10 . application example 8 11 . typical characteristics 9 12 . pin description 20 13 . applications information 21 14 . notes 27 15 . offices 27 meeting your needs
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 2 ldo regulator with on/off switch tk121xxcs 1 . description the tk121xxcs is a low dropout linear regulator with on/off control, which can supply 200ma load current. the output voltage, trimmed with high accuracy, is available from 1.5 to 5.0v in 0.1v steps. this allows the optimum voltage to be selected for the equipment. the tk121xxcs is an integrated circuit with a silicon monolithic bipolar structure. this regulator ic is the low saturation voltage output type with very low quiescent current. the pnp pass transistor is built-in. the i/o voltage difference is 0.12v (typical) when a current of 100ma is supplied to the system. because of the low voltage drop, the voltage source can be effectively used; this makes it very suitable for battery powered equipment. the on/off function is built into the ic. the current during standby mode becomes very small (pa level). the over current sensor circuit and the reverse-bias protection circuit are built-in. it is a very rugged design because the esd protection is high. therefore, the tk121xxcs can be used with confidence. when mounted on the pcb, the power dissipation rating becomes about 500mw , even though the package is very small. the tk121xxcs features very high stability in both dc and ac. the capacitor on the output side provides stable operation with 0.1 m f with 2.5v vout. a capacitor of any type can be used; however, the larger this capacitor is, the better the overall characteristics are. 2 . features n on/off control available (high on). n very good stability: ceramic capacitor can be used. : cl 3 0.1 m f at vout 3 2.5v n high precision output voltage ( 1.5% or 5 0mv ) n excellent ripple rejection ratio: -80db at 1khz n output current: 200ma (peak 320ma) n very low dropout voltage: 120mv at iout=100ma n wide operating voltage range: 2.1v ~ 12v n very low noise with noise bypass pin n short circuit protection (over current protection) n internal thermal shutdown (over heat protection) n internal reverse bias protection 3 . applications n any electronic equipment n battery powered systems n mobile communication 4 . pin configuration top view 1 3 2 5 4 vin vout np gnd vcont 5 . block diagram bandgap reference over heat & over current protection vin gnd vout np vcont 320k w control circuit
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 3 6 . ordering information l c s t k 1 2 1 voltage code ex. 3.3v : 33 package code s : sot23-5 tape / reel code rank code c : c rank i : i rank standard voltage (net multiplication bold-faced type) tk12115cs tk12118cs tk12125cs tk12128cs tk12133cs *please contact your authorized toko representatives for voltage availability. if you need the voltage except the above table, please contact toko. 7 . absolute maximum ratings ta=25 c parameter symbol rating unit s condition s absolute maximum ratings supply voltage v cc max -0.4 ~ 16 v -0.4 ~ 6 v vout 2.0v reverse bias vrev max -0.4 ~ 12 v 2.1v vout np pin voltage vnp max -0.4 ~ 5 v control pin voltage vcont max -0.4 ~ 16 v storage temperature range t stg -55 ~ 150 c power dissipation p d 500 when mounted on pcb mw internal limited tj=150 c * operating condition operating temperature range t op -40 ~ 85 c operating voltage range v op 2.1 ~ 12 v short circuit current ishort 360 ma * p d must be decreased at rate of 4.0 mw / c for operation a bove 25 c . the maximum ratings are the absolute limitation values with the possibility of the ic breakage. when the operation exceeds this standard quality cannot be guaranteed.
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 4 8 . electrical characteristics 8-1 . c rank (tk121xxcsc) the parameters with min. or max. v alues will be guaranteed at ta=25 c with test when manufacturing or sqc(statistical quality control) methods. the operation between -40 ~ 85 c is guaranteed when design. vin=vout typ +1v,vcont=0.9v, ta= 25 c value parameter symbol min typ max unit s condition s output voltage vout refer to table 8-1-1 ~ 3 v iout = 5ma line regulation linreg 0.0 5.0 mv d vin = 5v load regulation loareg refer to table 8-1-1 ~ 3 mv iout = 5ma ~ 100ma refer to table 8-1-1 ~ 3 mv iout = 5ma ~ 200ma dropout voltage *1 vdrop 80 140 mv iout = 50ma 120 210 mv iout = 100ma 230 350 mv iout = 18 0 ma ( 2.1v vout 2.3v) 200 350 mv iout = 2 00 ma ( 2.4v vout) maximum output current *2 iout max 240 320 ma when vout down 0.3v supply current i cc refer to table 8-1-1 ~ 3 m a iout = 0ma standby current istandby 0.0 0.1 m a vcont = 0v quiescent current iq 1.0 1.8 ma iout = 50ma control terminal *3 control current icont 0.7 2.0 m a vcont = 0.9v control voltage vcont 0.9 v vout on state 0.2 v vout off state reference value (tk12125cs) np terminal voltage vnp 1.28 v output voltage / temp. vo/ta 35 ppm / c output noise voltage vno 34 m vrms cl= 1.0 m f, c np =0. 0 1 m f io ut = 3 0ma ripple rejection r.r 80 db cl= 1.0 m f, c np =0. 00 1 m f io ut = 1 0ma , 1khz rise time tr 36 m s cl= 1.0 m f, c np =0. 00 1 m f vcont: pulse wave (100hz) vcont on ? vout 95% point *1 : for vout 2.0v, not guaranteed. *2 : the maximum output current is limited by package power dissipation. *3 : the input current decreases to pa level when control terminal is connected to gnd (off state). general note: parameter with only typical value is for reference only. general note: output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise bypass terminal ( np). the noise level depends on the capacitance and capacitor characteristics.
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 5 table 8-1-1 . preferred products load regulation output voltage iout = 100ma iout = 200ma supply current min typ max typ max typ max typ max part number v v v mv mv mv mv m a m a tk12128csc 2.750 2.800 2.850 11 26 25 60 92 146 tk12133csc 3.250 3.300 3.350 12 28 27 64 97 155 table 8-1-2 . limited availability products load regulation output voltage iout = 100ma iout = 200ma supply current min typ max typ max typ max typ max part number v v v mv mv mv mv m a m a tk12115csc 1.450 1.500 1.550 10 23 21 49 78 125 tk12118csc 1.750 1.800 1.850 10 24 22 51 81 130 tk12125csc 2.450 2.500 2.550 11 25 24 57 89 142 notice. please contact your authorized toko representative for voltage availability. if you need the voltage except the above table, please contact toko.
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 6 8-2 . i rank (tk121xxcsi) the parameters with min. or max. v alues will be guaranteed at ta=-40~85 c with sqc(statistical quality control) methods. vin=vout typ +1v,vcont=0.9v,ta=-40 ~ 85 c value parameter symbol min typ max unit s condition s output voltage vout refer to table 8-2-1 ~ 3 v iout = 5ma line regulation linreg 0.0 8.0 mv d vin = 5v load regulation loareg refer to table 8-2-1 ~ 3 mv iout = 5ma ~ 100ma refer to table 8-2-1 ~ 3 mv iout = 5ma ~ 200ma dropout voltage *1 vdrop 80 180 mv iout = 50ma 120 270 mv iout = 100ma 230 390 mv iout = 180 ma ( 2.2v vout 2.3v) 200 390 mv iout = 20 0 ma ( 2.4v vout) maximum output current *2 iout max 220 320 ma when vout down 0.3v supply current i cc refer to table 8-2-1 ~ 3 m a iout = 0ma standby current istandby 0.0 0.5 m a vcont = 0v quiescent current iq 1.0 2.2 ma iout = 50ma control terminal *3 control current icont 0.7 2.5 m a vcont = 0.9v 0.9 v vout on state control voltage vcont 0.2 v vout off state reference value (tk12125cs) np terminal voltage vnp 1.28 v output voltage / temp. vo/ta 35 ppm / c output noise voltage vno 34 m vrms cl= 1.0 m f, c np =0. 0 1 m f io ut = 3 0ma ripple rejection r.r 80 db cl= 1.0 m f, c np =0. 00 1 m f io ut = 1 0ma , 1khz rise time tr 36 m s cl= 1.0 m f, c np =0. 00 1 m f vcont: pulse wave (100hz) vcont on ? vout 95% point *1 : for vout 2.1v, not guaranteed. *2 : the maximum output current is limited by package power dissipation. *3 : the input current decreases to pa level when control terminal is connected to gnd (off state). general note: parameter with only typical value is for reference only. general note: output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise bypass terminal ( np). the noise level depends on the capacitance and capacitor characteristics.
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 7 table 8-2-1 . preferred products load regulation output voltage iout = 100ma iout = 200ma supply current min typ max typ max typ max typ max part number v v v mv mv mv mv m a m a tk12128csi 2.720 2.800 2.880 11 32 25 80 92 163 tk12133csi 3.217 3.300 3.383 12 33 27 88 97 172 table 8-2-2 . limited availability products load regulation output voltage iout = 100ma iout = 200ma supply current min typ max typ max typ max typ max part number v v v mv mv mv mv m a m a tk12115csi 1.420 1.500 1.580 10 27 21 63 78 139 tk12118csi 1.720 1.800 1.880 10 28 22 63 81 145 tk12125csi 2.420 2.500 2.580 11 30 24 75 89 158 notice. please contact your authorized toko representative for voltage availability. if you need the voltage except the above table, please contact toko.
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 8 9 . test circuit vin icont vcont iin cin iout vout 1.0 m f 1.0 m f 0.001 m f a v a 1 3 2 5 4 vin vout np gnd vcont cl cnp + + 10 . application example vin cin to load 1.0 m f 1.0m f 0.001 m f cl cnp 1 3 2 5 4 vin vout np gnd vcont vcont
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 9 11 . typical characteristics 11-1 . dc characteristics n line regulation test conditions -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 vin (v) vout (mv) vout= 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 3.3v vout typ 121xxc cnp 0.001 m f cl 1 m f iout=5ma cin 1 m f vcont 0.9v vin =vout typ +1v 1 3 5 4 n vin vs vout regulation point n load regulation -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -100 0 100 200 300 400 d vin (mv) = vin - vout typ vout (mv) iout=0,50,100,150,200ma vout typ -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 0 100 200 iout (ma) vout (ma) vout=1.5v 1.8v 2.5v 2.8v 3.3v vout typ n dropout voltage n short circuit current -200 -100 0 0 100 200 iout (ma) vdrop (mv) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 iout (ma) vout (v) 3.3v 2.8v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v vout=
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 10 test conditions: vin=vout typ + 1v, iout= 5ma, vcont= 0.9v, cin=1 m f, cl=1 m f, cnp=0.001 m f n vin vs iin (iout=0ma) n vin vs iin (iout=0ma) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 vin (v) iin (ma) vout= 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 3.3v 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 vin (v) iin ( a) vout=1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 3.3v n standby current (vcont=0v) n quiescent current 1.e-10 1.e-09 1.e-08 1.e-07 1.e-06 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 vin (v) iin (a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 100 200 iout (ma) iq (ma) n vcont vs icont , vout n reverse bias current 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 1.0 2.0 vcont (v) icont ( a) icont vout 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 vout (v) irev ( a) vout=1.5v 1.8v 2.5v 2.8v 3.3v
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 11 temperature characteristics n vout tk12125cs test conditions -30.0 -25.0 -20.0 -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta(c) vout(mv) 121xxc cnp 0.001 m f cl 1 m f iout=5ma cin 1 m f vcont 0.9v vin =vout typ +1v 1 3 5 4 n line regulation n load regulation tk12125cs -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta( ?? ) linreg(mv) -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta( ?? ) loareg(mv) iout=50ma iout=100ma iout=200ma n dropout voltage n iout max 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta(c) vdrop(mv) iout=200ma iout=100ma iout=50ma 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta( ?? ) iout max (ma)
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 12 test conditions: vin=vout typ + 1v, iout= 5ma, vcont= 0.9v, cin=1 m f, cl=1 m f, cnp=0.001 m f n supply current tk12125cs (vin=3.5v) n quiescent current 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta ?i???j icc( a) 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta(c) iq(ma) iout=200ma iout=100ma iout=50ma n control current n control voltage 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta( ?? ) icont( a) vcont=4v vcont=3v vcont=2v vcont=0.9v 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ta ?i???j vcont(v) vout_on vout_off
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 13 11-2 . ac characteristics ripple rejection n cl = 1 m f: mlcc (c ), tantalum (t) tk12125cs test conditions 121xxc cnp 0.001 m f cl 1 m f iout=10ma vcont 0.9v 1 3 5 4 vin(dc)=vout typ +1.5v f=100hz ~ 1mhz 200mvp-p vripple n cl = 0.22 m f: mlcc (c ), tantalum (t) tk12125cs n cl = 0.22 m f, 10 m f: tantalum (t) tk12125cs n cap = 0.001 m f, 0.1 m f: cl = 1.0 m f tantalum (t) tk12125cs the ripple rejection characteristic depends on the characteristic and the capacitance value of the capacitor connected to the output side. the rr characteristic of 50khz or more varies greatly with the capacitor on the output side and pcb pattern. if necessary , please confirm stability while operating. 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) cl=1 m f (t) cl=1 m f (c) 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) cl=0.22 m f (t) cl=0.22 m f (c) 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) cl=0.22 m f (t) cl=10 m f (t) 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) cnp=0.001 m f cnp=0.1 m f
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 14 test conditions: vin=vout typ + 1.5v, iout= 10ma, vcont= 0.9v, cl=1 m f (tantalum ), cnp=0.001 m f n tk12115cs n tk12118cs n tk12125cs n tk12128cs n tk12133cs 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz) 0db -50db -100db 100 1k 10k 100k 1m frequency (hz)
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 15 on/off transient test conditions rise time vout ?~ 95% vcont vout time voltage 121xxc cnp 0.001 m f cl 1 m f iout=30ma cin 1 m f vin =vout typ +1v 1 3 5 4 vcont=0v ? 1v (f=100hz) n cl=0.22 m f, 1.0 m f, 2.2 m f n cl=0.22 m f, 1.0 m f, 2.2 m f n cnp=0.001 m f, 0.01 m f n cnp=0.001 m f, 0.01 m f, 0.1 m f the rise time of the regulator depends on cl and cnp; the fall time depends on cl. 1.0v/div 10 m s/div vout vcont off on cl= 0.22 m f 2.2 m f 1.0 m f 1.0v/div 100 m s/div vout vcont off on 1.0 m f 2.2 m f cl= 0.22 m f 1.0v/div 100 m s/div vout vcont off on cnp= 0.001 m f 0.01 m f off on 1.0v/div 1.0ms/div vout vcont cnp= 0.001 m f 0.01 m f 0.1 m f
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 16 test conditions: vin=vout typ + 1v, iout= 30ma, vcont=0v ? 1v (100hz ), cin=1 m f, cl=1 m f, cnp=0.001 m f n vout= 1.5v, 1.8v, 2.5v, 2.8v, 3.3v n vout= 1.5v, 1.8v, 2.5v, 2.8v, 3.3v vcont: one pulse (after discharge cnp, cl) 1.0v/div 10 m s/div vout vcont off on vout= 3.3v 2.8v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.0v/div 10 m s/div vout vcont off on vout= 3.3v 2.8v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 17 load transient n cl=0.22 m f, 1.0 m f, 2.2 m f: iout=5 ? 35ma test conditions 121xxc cnp cl 1 m f cin 1 m f vcont 0.9v vin =vout typ +1v 1 3 5 4 iout on ? off 0.001 m f n iout=0 ? 30ma, 5 ? 35ma n iout=0 t 30ma, 5 t 35ma the no load voltage change can be greatly improved by delivering a little load current to ground (see the above curve). increase the load side capacitor when the load change is fast or when there is a large current change. in addition, at no load, delivering a little load current to ground can reduce the voltage change. vout iout 5ma 35ma 5ma 35ma 100mv/div 10 m s/div 1.0 m f 2.2 m f cl= 0.22 m f 2.2 m f 1.0 m f 0.22 m f vout iout 200mv/div 1.0ms/div iout=0 ? 30ma iout=5 ? 35ma 30ma or 35ma 0ma or 5ma 30ma or 35ma vout vout iout 200mv/div 10 m s/div iout=0 t 30ma iout=5 t 35ma 30ma or 35ma 0ma or 5ma vout
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 18 line transient n cl=0.22 m f, 1.0 m f, 2.2 m f test conditions 121xxc cnp 0.001 m f cl 1 m f iout=30ma vcont 0.9v 1 3 5 4 vin =vout typ +1v ? + 2v n cnp=0.001 m f, 0.01 m f, 0.1 m f vout vin vouttyp + 2v 10mv/div 100 m s/div cl=0.22 m f cl=1.0 m f cl=2.2 m f vouttyp + 1v vout vin vouttyp + 2v 10mv/div 100 m s/div cnp=0.001 m f cnp=0.01 m f cnp=0.1 m f vouttyp + 1v
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 19 output noise characteristics n vout vs noise test conditions 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 vout(v) noise(uvrms) 121xxc cnp 0.01 m f cl 1 m f iout=30ma cin 1 m f vcont 0.9v vin =vout typ +1v 1 3 5 4 bpf=400hz ~ 80khz n cnp vs noise ( cl: tantalum) tk12125cs n cnp vs noise ( cl: mlcc) tk12125cs 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1p 10p 100p 1000p 0.01u 0.1u cnp(f) noise(uvrms) cl=0.22uf cl=0.47uf cl=1.0uf cl=2.2uf cl=10uf 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1p 10p 100p 1000p 0.01u 0.1u cnp(f) noise(uvrms) cl=0.22uf cl=0.47uf cl=1.0uf cl=2.2uf cl=10uf n iout vs noise ( cl: tantalum) tk12125cs n iout vs noise ( cl: mlcc) tk12125cs 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 0 50 100 150 200 iout(ma) noise(uvrms) cl=0.22uf cl=0.47uf cl=1.0uf cl=2.2uf cl=10uf 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 0 50 100 150 200 iout(ma) noise(uvrms) cl=0.22uf cl=0.47uf cl=1.0uf cl=2.2uf cl=10uf increase cnp to decrease the noise. the recommended cnp capacitance is 0.0068 m f ~ 0.01 m f. the amount of noise increases with the higher output voltage s .
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 20 12 . pin description pin no. pin description internal equivalent circuit description 1 vcont 1 vcont 320k w on/off control terminal the pull down resistance is not built in. 2 gnd gnd terminal 3 np np 3 noise bypass terminal connect a bypass capacitor between gnd. 4 vout vout vin vref 4 output terminal 5 vin input terminal
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 21 13 . applications information 13-1 . stability linear regulators require input and output capacitors in order to maintain the regulator's loop stability. if a 0.1 m f capacitor is connected to the output side, the ic provides stable operation at any voltage in the practical current region. however, increase the cl capacitance when using the ic in the low current region and low voltage. otherwise, the ic oscillates. the equivalent series resistance (esr) of the output capacitor must be in the stable operation area. however, it is recommended to use as large a value of capacitance as is practical. the output noise and the ripple noise decrease as the capacitance value increases. esr values vary widely between ceramic and tantalum capacitors. however, tantalum capacitors are assumed to provide more esr damping resistance, which provides greater circuit stability. this implies that a higher level of circuit stability can be obtained by using tantalum capacitors when compared to ceramic capacitors with similar values. a recommended value of the application is as follows. cin=cl 3 0.22 m f at iout 3 0.5ma tk121xxcs cin 3 0.22 m f vin vout cl 3 0.22 m f cnp 3 0.001 m f gnd however, above recommended value is not satisfied some condition. refer to ? output voltage, output current vs. stable operation area ? at the next page. select the cl capacitance according to the condition of used. if the fast road transient response is necessary , increase the cl capacitance as much as possible. the input capacitor is necessary when the battery is discharged , the power supply impedance increases, or the line distance to the power supply is long. this capacitor might be necessary on each individual ic even if two or more regulator ics are used. it is not possible to determine this indiscriminately. please confirm the stability while mounted
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 22 output voltage, output current vs. stable operation area vout=1 .5v vout=1.8v vout=2.5v vout=2.8v vout=3.3v the above graph s show stable operation with a ceramic capacitor of 0.1 m f ( excluding the low current region ) . if the capacitance is not increased in the low voltage, low current area, stable operation may not be achieved. please select the best output capacitor according to the voltage and current used . the stability of the regulator improves if a big output side capacitor is used (the stable operation area extends .) please use as large a capacitance as is practical. although operation above 150ma has not been described, stability is equal to or better than operation at 150ma. for evaluation kyocera: cm05b104k10ab, cm05b224k10ab, cm105b104k16a, cm105b224k16a, cm21b225k10a murata: grm36b104k10, grm42b104k10, grm39b104k25, grm39b224k10, grm39b105k6.3 ex. ceramic capacitance vs voltage, temperature generally, a ceramic capacitor has both a temperature characteristic and a voltage characteristic. please consider both characteristics when selecting the part. the b curve s are the recommend characteristics. % capacitance vs . voltage 0 bias voltage ( v ) cap 2 4 6 8 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 b curve f curve capacitance vs. temperature % 60 50 80 90 100 70 cap -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 ta ( c ) b curve f curve 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0 50 100 150 iout [ma] esr [ ?? ] stable area cl=0.1 m f unstable area 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0 50 100 150 iout [ma] esr [ ?? ] stable area cl=0.1 m f unstable area 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0 50 100 150 iout [ma] esr [ ?? ] stable area cl=0.1 m f unstable area 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0 50 100 150 iout [ma] esr [ ?? ] stable area cl=0.1 m f 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0 50 100 150 iout [ma] esr [ ?? ] stable area cl=0.1 m f 3.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 23 13-2 . definition of technical terms output voltage (vout) the output voltage is specified with vin=(vout typ +1v) and iout=5ma. maximum output current (iout max) the rated output current is specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.3v the value specified with iout=5ma. the input voltage is set to vout typ +1v and the current is pulsed to minimize temperature effect. dropout voltage (vdrop) the dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. it is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. line regulation (linreg) line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. the line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from vin=vout typ +1v to vin=vout typ +6v. it is a pulse measurement to minimize temperature effect. load regulation (loareg) load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. it is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to vin=vout typ +1v. the load regulation is specified output current step conditions of 5ma to 100ma. ripple rejection (r.r) ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. it is specified with 200 mv rms , 1khz super-imposed on the input voltage, where vin=vout+1.5v. ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. input and is expressed in db. standby current (istandby) standby current is the current, which flows into the regulator when the output is turned off by the control function (vcont=0v). over current sensor the over current sensor protects the device when there is excessive output current. it also protects the device if the output is accidentally connected to ground. thermal sensor the thermal sensor protects the device in case the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (t j =150 c). this temperature rise can be caused by external heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large input to output voltage drops, or excessive output current. the regulator will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. as the junction temperatures decrease, the regulator will begin to operate again. under sustained fault conditions, the regulator output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets. damage may occur to the device under extreme fault. please reduce the loss of the regulator when this protection operate, by reducing the input voltage or make better heat efficiency. * i n the case that t he power, vin ishort( short circuit current ), becomes more than twice of the maximum rating of its power dissipation in a moment, there is a possibility that the ic is destroyed before internal thermal protection works. reverse voltage protection reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. this fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side esd mm: 200pf 0 w 200v or more hbm: 100pf 1.5k w 2000v or more vout vin gnd
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 24 13-3 . board layout pcb material: glass epoxy (t=0.8mm) please do derating with 4.0mw/ c at pd=500mw and 25 c or more. thermal resistance ( q ja) is=250 c/w. 25 50 100 pd(mw) 150 c 500 0 0 (85 c) -4.0mw/ c the package loss is limited at the temperature that the internal temperature sensor works (about 150 c ). therefore, the package loss is assumed to be an internal limitation. there is no heat radiation characteristic of the package unit assumed because of the small size. the device being mounted on the pcb carries heat away. this value changes by the material and the copper pattern etc. of the pcb. the losses are approximately 5 00mw. enduring these losses becomes possible in a lot of applications operating at 25 c . the overheating protection circuit operates when there are a lot of losses with the regulator (when outside temperature is high or heat radiation is bad). the output current cannot be pulled enough and the output voltage will drop when the protection circuit operates. when the junction temperature reaches 150 c, the ic is shut down. however, operation begins at once when the ic stops operation and the temperature of the chip decreases. how to determine the thermal resistance when mounted on pcb the thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: tj= q ja pd+ta tj of ic is set around 150 c . pd is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. if the ambient temperature is 25 c, then: 150= q ja pd+25 q ja=125/pd ( c /mw) the simple method to calculate p d mount the ic on the print circuit board. short between the output pin and ground. after that, raise input voltage from 0v to evaluated voltage (see*1) gradually. at shorted the output pin , the power dissipation p d can be expressed as p d =vin iin. the input current decreases gradually as the temperature of the chip becomes high. after a while, it reaches the thermal equilibrium. use this currrent value at the thermal equilibrium. in almost all the cases, it shows 500mw or more. * 1 i n the case that t he power, vin ishort( short circuit current ), becomes more than twice of the maximum rating of its power dissipation in a moment, there is a possibility that the ic is destroyed before internal thermal protection works. 0 25 50 75 100 150 pd(mw) pd d pd 2 3 5 4 ta (??) procedure (when mounted on pcb . ) 1. find pd (vin iin when the output side is short-circuited). 2. plot pd against 25 c . 3. connect pd to the point corresponding to the 1 50 c with a straight line. 4. in design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 c) to the derating curve. 5. read off the value of pd against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. this is taken as the maximum power dissipation dpd. 6. dpd ? (vinmax - vout)=iout (at 75 c ) the maximum output current at the highest operating temperature will be iout @ dpd ? (vin m ax - vout). please use the device at low temperature with better radiation. the lower temperature provides better quality. on/off vin vout np
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 25 13-4 . on/off control it is recommended to turn the regulator off when the circuit following the regulator is non-operating. a design with little electric power loss can be implemented. we recommend the use of the on/off control of the regulator without using a high side switch to provide an output from the regulator. a highly accurate output voltage with low voltage drop is obtained. reg v sat on/off cont. because the control current is small, it is possible to control it directly by cmos logic. parallel-connected on/off control 2.0v 5v 3.3v on/off cont. vin tk 12150cs r tk 12133cs tk 12120cs vout the above figure is multiple regulators being controlled by a single on/off control signal. there is fear of overheating, because the power loss of the low voltage side ic (tk12120cs) is large. the series resistor (r) is put in the input line of the low output voltage regulator in order to prevent over - dissipation. the voltage dropped across the resistor reduces the large input-to-output voltage across the regulator, reducing the power dissipation in the device. when the thermal sensor works, a decrease of the output voltage , oscillation, etc. may be observed. 13-5 . noise bypass the noise and the ripple rejection characteristic s depend on the capacitance on the np terminal . the ripple rejection characteristic of the low frequency region improves by increasing the capacitance of cnp. a standard value is cnp=0.001 m f. increase cnp in a design with important output noise and ripple rejection requirements . the ic will not be damaged if the capacitor value is increased. the on/off switch ing speed changes depending on the np terminal capacitance. the switch ing speed slows when the capacitance is large.
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 26 13-6 . outline; pcb; stamps 2.9 1.6 1.1 0.15 0.4 2.8 2.4 reference mount pad 1.0 0.7 (0.3) 0 ~0.1 0.1 1.3max 0.1 0.2 mark 0.2 0.2 5 4 1 3 +0.10 - 0.05 +0.10 - 0.05 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 m 0.1 unit: mm package structure package material: epoxy resin terminal material: copper alloy mass (reference ): 0.016g v out v code v out v code v out v code 1.5v 15 2.5v 25 3.3v 33 1.8v 18 2.8v 28 the output voltage table indicates the standard value when manufactured. please contact your authorized toko representative for voltage availability . x x r
tk121xxcs gc3-i017 page 27 14 . notes n please be sure that you carefully discuss your planned purchase with our office if you intend to use the products in this application manual under conditions where particularly extreme standards of reliability are required, or if you intend to use products for applications other than those listed in this application manual. l power drive products for automobile, ship or aircraft transport systems; steering and navigation systems, emergency signal communications systems, and any system other than those mentioned above which include electronic sensors, measuring, or display devices, and which could cause major damage to life, limb or property if misused or failure to function. l medical devices for measuring blood pressure, pulse, etc., treatment units such as coronary pacemakers and heat treatment units, and devices such as artificial organs and artificial limb systems which augment physiological functions. l electrical instruments, equipment or systems used in disaster or crime prevention. n semiconductors, by nature, may fail or malfunction in spite of our devotion to improve product quality and reliability. we urge you to take every possible precaution against physical injuries, fire or other damages which may cause failure of our semiconductor products by taking appropriate measures, including a reasonable safety margin, malfunction preventive practices and fire-proofing when designing your products. n this application manual is effective from oct 2002 . note that the contents are subject to change or discontinuation without notice. when placing orders, please confirm specifications and delivery condition in writing. n toko is not responsible for any problems nor for any infringement of third party patents or any other intellectual property rights that may arise from the use or method of use of the products listed in this application manual. moreover, this application manual does not signify that toko agrees implicitly or explicitly to license any patent rights or other intellectual property rights which it holds. n none of the ozone depleting substances(ods) under the montreal protocol are used in our manufacturing process. 15 . offices if you need more information on this product and other toko products, please contact us. n toko inc. headquarters 1-17, higashi-yukigaya 2-chome, ohta-ku, tokyo, 145-8585, japan tel: +81.3.3727.1161 fax: +81.3.3727.1176 or +81.3.3727.1169 web site : http://www.toko.co.jp/ n toko america w eb site : http://www.toko.com/ n toko europe w eb site : http://www.tokoeurope.com/ n toko hong kong w eb site : http://www.toko.com.hk/ n toko taiwan w eb site : http://www.tokohc.com.tw/ n toko singapore w eb site : http://www.toko.com.sg/ n toko seoul w eb site : http://www.toko.co.kr/ n toko manila w eb site : http://www.toko.com.ph/ n toko brazil w eb site : http://www.toko.com.br/ meeting your needs to build the quality relied upon by customers your distributor

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